Kuvanaho amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi ya gazi y’imyanda bivuga kubyara amashanyarazi binyuze muri biyogazi nyinshi (LFG y’imyanda) ikorwa na anaerobic fermentation y’ibintu kama mu myanda, ibyo ntibigabanya gusa ihumana ry’ikirere riterwa no gutwika imyanda, ahubwo binakoresha neza umutungo.
Intangiriro ya tekiniki
Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi ni urugomero rw'amashanyarazi (uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi, uruganda rukora umuyaga, urugomero rw'izuba, n'ibindi) ruhindura uburyo bumwe na bumwe bw'ingufu mbisi (nk'amazi, amavuta, mazutu, gaze) gaze mu mashanyarazi y'ibikoresho byagenwe cyangwa ubwikorezi.
Uburyo
Kwerekana gazi ya flux bivuga kugabanya NOx yakozwe kuri N2 kugirango ikureho NOx muri gaze ya flue.Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuvura, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitose no gukama.Bamwe mu bashakashatsi mu gihugu no mu mahanga na bo bakoze uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda ya NOx hamwe na mikorobe.
Kubera ko ibice birenga 90% bya NOx muri gaze ya flue isohoka muri sisitemu yo gutwika oya, kandi oya biragoye gushonga mumazi, kuvura amazi ya NOx ntibishobora gukorwa muburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba.Ihame rya gazi ya flue ni okiside oya muri NO2 hamwe na okiside, kandi NO2 yabyaye yakirwa namazi cyangwa umuti wa alkaline, kugirango tumenye.Uburyo bwa O3 okiside uburyo bwo gukuramo okiside oya kuri NO2 hamwe na O3, hanyuma ikayinjiza n'amazi.Amazi ya HNO3 yakozwe nubu buryo agomba kuba yibanze, kandi O3 igomba gutegurwa hamwe na voltage nini, hamwe nishoramari ryambere nigiciro cyibikorwa.ClO2 uburyo bwo kugabanya okiside ClO2 oxyde oya kuri NO2, hanyuma igabanya NO2 kugeza kuri N2 hamwe numuti wamazi wa Na2SO3.Ubu buryo burashobora guhuzwa hamwe na tekinoroji ya desulfurizasiya ikoresheje NaOH nka desulfurizer, kandi ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi bya Na2SO3 birashobora gukoreshwa nka reductant ya NO2.Igipimo cyo gutandukanya uburyo bwa ClO2 gishobora kugera kuri 95% kandi desulfurizasi irashobora gukorwa icyarimwe, ariko ibiciro bya ClO2 na NaOH biri hejuru kandi igiciro cyibikorwa kiriyongera.
Tekinoroji ya gaz ya flue
Gutandukanya gaze ya flue ikoresha ihame ryo gushonga NOx hamwe nogukoresha amazi kugirango isukure gaze yumuriro wamakara.Inzitizi nini ni uko oya bigoye gushonga mumazi, kandi akenshi birasabwa okiside oya kuri NO2 mbere.Kubwibyo, muri rusange, oya irahinduka okiside kugirango ikore NO2 ikorana na okiside O3, ClO2 cyangwa KMnO4, hanyuma NO2 ikinjizwa namazi cyangwa igisubizo cya alkaline kugirango hamenyekane gaze ya flue.
(1) Koresha uburyo bwa acide nitricike
Kuberako solubile ya oya na NO2 muri acide ya nitric iruta cyane iy'amazi (urugero, solubile ya no muri acide ya nitric hamwe na 12% iruta inshuro 12 kurenza ayo mumazi), tekinoroji yo gukoresha nitricike ya dilute uburyo bwo kwinjiza aside kugirango butezimbere igipimo cyo gukuraho NOx yakoreshejwe cyane.Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa acide ya nitric, imikorere yayo yo kuyikuramo iratera imbere kuburyo bugaragara, ariko urebye ikoreshwa ryinganda nigiciro, kwibumbira hamwe kwa acide nitricike ikoreshwa mubikorwa bifatika bigenzurwa mubipimo bya 15% ~ 20%.Imikorere ya NOx yo kwinjizwa na acide ya nitricike ntijyanye gusa nubunini bwayo, ahubwo ifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwumuvuduko nigitutu.Ubushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko mwinshi bifasha kwinjiza NOx.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukuramo ibisubizo bya alkaline
Muri ubu buryo, ibisubizo bya alkaline nka NaOH, Koh, Na2CO3 na NH3 · H2O bikoreshwa nkibikurura imiti ya NOx, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjiza amoniya (NH3 · H2O) nicyo kinini.Kugirango turusheho kunoza imikorere ya NOx, hashyizweho ibyiciro bibiri byumuti wa ammonia alkali: icya mbere, ammonia ikora rwose hamwe na NOx hamwe numwuka wamazi kugirango itange umwotsi wera wa amonium nitrate;NOx idakorewe noneho irakoreshwa cyane hamwe n'umuti wa alkaline.Nitrate na nitrite bizabyara, kandi NH4NO3 na nh4no2 nabyo bizashonga mumuti wa alkaline.Nyuma yinzinguzingo nyinshi zumuti winjiza, nyuma yumuti wa alkali urangiye, igisubizo kirimo nitrate na nitrite cyegeranijwe kandi kirabikwa, gishobora gukoreshwa nkifumbire.
